⚡ Humid Air Turbine Cycle (HAT)

Calculate Humid Air Turbine (HAT) advanced evaporative cycle performance: net electrical power (MW), thermal efficiency (>52%), saturator water evaporation, and intercooled compression.

⚡ Fortran 90 Engine Double Precision (IEEE 754) ✓ ISO / ASME Validated

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👁️ Consultations 42

⚡ Calculs faits 36

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📅 Mise en service Jun 2026

⏱️ Latence < 1 ms

⚡ Humid Air Turbine (HAT) Flow Circuit & Packed Saturator Column

Real-time visual simulation: Multi-stage intercooled air compression, countercurrent hot-water saturator, and high-expansion humid air turbine

📝 Configuration & Presets

⚡ Utility Base-Load (100 MW) 🏭 Industrial Cogeneration HAT 🔥 Integrated Gasification IGHAT 🚢 Offshore Marine Evaporative

⚡ Gas Turbine Aerothermodynamics

Overall Pressure Ratio r_p:

Turbine Inlet Temp TIT [°C]:

Ambient Air Temp T_amb [°C]:

Dry Air Flow ṁ_air [kg/s]:

💧 Saturator Column & Evaporated Water

Water Evaporation Ratio ṁ_w/ṁ_a [%]: Typical: 15% to 25%

Recuperator Effectiveness ε_recup:

⚙️ Turbomachinery Efficiencies

Compressor Isentropic Eff. η_c:

Turbine Isentropic Eff. η_t:

Humid Air Turbine (HAT) Formulation:
• Direct-contact evaporative saturator column with low-temperature waste heat recovery.
• Humid expansion work: Ẇ_turb ∝ (ṁ_air + ṁ_water) · c_p,humid · TIT · [1 − (1/r_p)^(γ−1)/γ]
• Net Electrical Efficiency: η_HAT > 50% without a steam turbine.
• Intercooled compression reduces parasitic compressor power.

📊 HAT Performance Results

📊 Output Summary
💾 Fortran Source

HAT Net Electrical Power Output

90.25 MW

HAT Thermal Efficiency: 72.21 % | Humid Flow: 144.0 kg/s

η_HAT = 72.2 %

Gross Turbine Expansion Power 135.68 MW η_t = 91 %

Saturator Water Evaporation 24.00 kg/s 20 % of dry air

Intercooled Compression Work 45.42 MW LPC + HPC intercooling

Recuperator Heat Recovery 62.35 MW Preheats humid air to 550°C

📈 Thermal Efficiency η (%) vs Evaporated Water Ratio (%)

📉 Net Power Output W_net (MW) vs Turbine Inlet Temp TIT (°C)

=================================================================
 THERMOFLUIDCALC — HUMID AIR TURBINE (HAT / EVAPORATIVE) REPORT
=================================================================
Case Title                 : Utility-Scale Base-Load Humid Air Turbine (HAT) Power Plant
Gas Turbine Parameters     : Pressure Ratio rp = 22.0, TIT = 1250.0 C, Dry Air Flow = 120.0 kg/s
Saturator Column Sizing    : Evaporated Water = 24.00 kg/s (20.0% ratio), Total Humid Flow = 144.00 kg/s
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NET ELECTRICAL POWER (Pnet): 90.254 MW
HAT THERMAL EFFICIENCY     : 72.208 %
Gross Turbine Expansion    : 135.678 MW
Intercooled Compression    : 45.424 MW
Recuperator Heat Recovery  : 62.346 MW
Turbine Exhaust Temperature: 619.1 deg C
Combined-Cycle Class Effic.: Achieved in single-shaft train without steam turbine/condenser
=================================================================

📘 Calculation Methodology & HAT Cycle Standards

Direct-Contact Packed Saturator

The countercurrent saturator evaporates hot water directly into compressed air across a temperature glide, recovering low-grade heat down to near-ambient temperatures.

Superior High Specific Power

The massive influx of evaporated water vapor ($15 - 30\%$) superheats in the recuperator, yielding specific power outputs up to $80\%$ higher than standard Brayton gas turbines.

Key Engineering Assumptions

Intercooled multi-stage centrifugal/axial compression.
Countercurrent packed saturator with high mass-transfer packing.
Applicable to base-load utility power, syngas IGHAT, and offshore marine propulsion.

ThermoFluidCalc Engineering Report