🔄 Internal Flow — Circular Tubes
Analyze forced convection inside tubes with Dittus-Boelter and Gnielinski correlations, pressure drop, and outlet temperature.
📝 Configuration
Key Correlations:
Laminar (Re < 2300):
Nu = 3.66 (constant T_s)
Nu = 4.36 (constant q")
Turbulent:
Dittus-Boelter: Nu = 0.023 Re^0.8 Pr^n
Gnielinski: Nu = (f/8)(Re-1000)Pr / [1+12.7√(f/8)(Pr²ᐟ³-1)]
Pressure Drop:
ΔP = f(L/D)(ρU²/2)
Laminar (Re < 2300):
Nu = 3.66 (constant T_s)
Nu = 4.36 (constant q")
Turbulent:
Dittus-Boelter: Nu = 0.023 Re^0.8 Pr^n
Gnielinski: Nu = (f/8)(Re-1000)Pr / [1+12.7√(f/8)(Pr²ᐟ³-1)]
Pressure Drop:
ΔP = f(L/D)(ρU²/2)
📊 Results & Visualization
Configure the inputs and click Calculate to see results.
ℹ️ About Internal Flow Convection
Flow inside tubes is critical in many thermal systems: heat exchangers, HVAC, industrial piping. The flow transitions from laminar to turbulent at Re ≈ 2300.
Applications:
• Heat exchanger tube-side design
• Radiator and cooling system design
• Industrial process heating/cooling
• HVAC duct systems
Flow inside tubes is critical in many thermal systems: heat exchangers, HVAC, industrial piping. The flow transitions from laminar to turbulent at Re ≈ 2300.
Applications:
• Heat exchanger tube-side design
• Radiator and cooling system design
• Industrial process heating/cooling
• HVAC duct systems