⏱️ Lumped System Analysis

Analyze transient heat conduction using the lumped capacitance method for objects with uniform temperature (Bi < 0.1).

📝 Configuration

Material Properties

Boundary Conditions

Still air: 5-10 · Forced air: 25-250 · Water: 50-10000
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Lumped System Analysis:

Biot Number: Bi = h·Lc/k < 0.1
Time Constant: τ = ρ·cp·V / (h·As)
Temperature: T(t) = T∞ + (Tᵢ - T∞)·e-t/τ

• Lc = V/As (characteristic length)
• Valid when Bi < 0.1 (uniform T in solid)

📊 Results & Visualization

Results and visualizations will appear here after calculation.

ℹ️ About Lumped System Analysis

The lumped capacitance method assumes the temperature within an object is spatially uniform at any given time.

When is it valid?
• When the Biot number (Bi = hLc/k) is less than 0.1
• This means internal conduction is much faster than surface convection

Applications:
• Quenching of small metal parts
• Thermocouple response time estimation
• Food processing temperature calculations
• Electronic component thermal analysis